LaboTex Workshops

Outline

• Fundamentals of 3-D Texture Analysis.
  • Orientation.
  • Orientation Distribution Function (ODF), Pole Figure (PF), Inverse Pole Figure (IPF).
  • ODF calculation (types of algorithms for ODF calculation, ADC /Arbitrarily Defined Cells/ method, ghost correction).
• Symmetry aspects of 3-D texture analysis.
  • Crystal symmetry (CS) and sample symmetry (SS).
  • Space groups and symmetry elements for space groups.
  • Basic regions of ODF space in correlation to CS and SS.
• Data sources and their formats for LaboTex:
  • Experimental data (X-Ray, neutrons, EBSD)
  • Model data
• Pole figures processing in LaboTex.
  • Pole figures types in LaboTex.
  • Defocusing, background and phase corrections of pole figure data.
  • Preparation of pole figures to ODF calculations (symmetrization, rotation, pole figures cutting of regions).
  • ODF calculation options.
  • ODF symmetrization.
  • Interpretation of RP convergence factor.
  • Texture index.
  • Calculation of pole figures and inverse pole figures from ODF.
• Qualitative texture analysis.
  • Texture orientations and texture components. Symmetrically equivalent positions in pole figures and ODF space.
  • LaboTex orientations data base. Edition of orientation database. Automation of orientation analysis.
  • Qualitative texture analysis on pole figures.
  • Qualitative texture analysis on ODF.
  • Reports from qualitative texture analysis.
• Quantitative texture analysis.
  • Volume fraction of texture components - integration method. Volume fraction of texture components - model function method. Reports from quantitative texture analysis.
• Analysis of inverse pole figures.
• Texture modeling.
• Fiber analysis (ODF sections, skeleton lines, fibers database).
• Texture analysis on the basis of EBSD data or model data.
• Calculation of anisotropy factors (Kearn s factors)
• Sample reference system changes of ODF transformations.
• Individual orientations set calculation from ODF.
• Graphical possibilities in LaboTex (2D, 3D visualization).

Practical training

• LaboTex installation.
• Basic information about LaboTex software
• Data and results management (users, projects, samples, jobs).
• LaboTex basic options.
• Adjustment of pole figures registration convention to LaboTex convention.
• High quality images options.
• LaboTex reports development.
• Texture analysis of aluminum.
• Defocusing correction using texture standard samples.
• Symmetrization options (monoclinic, orthorhombic, axial).
• ODF calculation, texture index, RP factor, recalculated pole figures.
• Qualitative ODF analysis (texture components recognition).
• Quantitative ODF analysis (model function method).
• Development of texture models.
• Texture analysis of ferritic stainless steel.
• Defocusing correction using the file with correction coefficients.
• Fibers analysis.
• Creations of ODF sections.
• Creations of skeleton lines (skeleton lines options).
• Texture analysis of copper deposit (orthorhombic and axial sample symmetry).
• Qualitative ODF analysis (texture components identification).
• Quantitative ODF analysis (model function method).
• Quantitative ODF analysis (integral method).
• Inverse pole figures analysis.
• Texture analysis of thin layers with fiber texture.
• Defocusing correction in thin layer from Schulz formula.
• Finding of fiber direction.
• ODF transformation (change of sample reference system).
• EBSD data processing in LaboTex.
• ODF calculation from sets of individual orientations.
• Pole figures and inverse pole figures calculations.
• Qualitative and quantitative texture analysis.
• Texture calculations and analysis in low crystal symmetry materials (Zr,Ti, wood- cellulose, polypropylene and other polymers, etc.).

Part I: X-ray diffraction experiments

• Introduction to Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) technique
• Registration of back-reflection and transmission (hkl)-pole figures
  • specificity of available apparatus (texture goniometers)
  • selection of radiation, beam optics and diffraction spectra
  • measurement grids and geometrical limits
  • coarse and ultra-fine grained materials
  • avoiding typical experimental mistakes
.
• Measurement technique
  • symmetrical and asymmetrical geometry of measurement
  • pole figures conventions
  • pole figure window
  • PIM-and IM-methods of data collection
  • optimization of measurement parameters
• Correction and normalization of experimental data
  • absorption, fluorescence, defocusing, penetration depths
  • normalization strategies
  • empirical formulae and reference samples
  • thin film/coating correction
  • statistical and crystallographic symmetry of sample
• Data processing
  • extraction of texture signals for multi-phase and low-symmetry materials
  • fitting procedure associated with PSD-or pseudo-PSD detection techniques
  • interpolation of rough reflection/transmission data
  • verification of collected data (informative region of the pole figures)

Part II: Calculations and interpretation of texture functions

• Uncertainty of experimental data
  • internal contradiction of the pole figures
  • tests of data quality
• Relationship between 3D spatial arrangement (texture) and material properties
  • Intensity-, Amplitude-, Peak position, FWHM-and Background-pole figures
  • inverse pole figures of sample-associated directions
  • anisotropy of sample properties (plasticity, magnetism, corrosion proof, …)
  • texture and residual stresses
• Texture tomography of the near-surface areas
  • evaluation of texture inhomogeneity
  • depth-profile of texture
  • texture inheritance

Part III: Routine and potential application of X-ray texture analysis

• Controlling technology and diagnosing microstructure state
  • safety of exploitation
  • on-line control of quality
  • advanced materials
• Examples and practical remarks
  • typical materials (metals, ceramics, polymers)
  • summary: texture analysis step-by-step